Research Branch Bulletin

The Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) Investment Plan provides an opportunity for prospective research partners to work with the GRDC to ensure that Australian grain growers are provided with technologies and practices enabling them to effectively compete in global grain markets.

The Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) Investment Plan (Open and Multi-stage Tenders) outlines some of the Corporation's new investment priorities for 2011-12. The Investment Plan (Open and Multi-stage Tenders) 2011-12 will contain all investments and projects that are subject to open tender and multi-stage tender as well as a list of Direct and Limited Negotiation investments.

The Investment Plan (Open and Multi-stage Tenders) 2011-12 is now available.
Tender responses, together with the standard University application coversheet, are due in Research Branch by Tuesday the 21st of September 2010

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.grdc.com.au/director/events/latestnews?item_id=6A2F171EFD42AC48E1AAF0BE48EDEABC

Researchers intending to submit ARC Linkage Projects applications in the up-coming round need to complete a Notification of Intent form and return it to the Research Branch by Monday 6 September.

This form can be found on the Research Branch's ARC webpage at http://www.adelaide.edu.au/rb/arc/, along with due dates and other important information.

Round 8 of the Premier's Science & Research Fund is now open for Stage 1 "Expression of Interest" applications. Guidelines and application forms are available from:
http://www.innovation.sa.gov.au/research/premiers_science__and__research_fund.

Stage 1 applications, together with the standard University application coversheet, are due in Research Branch by Monday 23 August 2010.

Please note that there are three categories of application, being:

• Standard Research Projects (PSRF support up to 30% total project cost)
• Capability Building Projects (PSRF support up to 50% total project cost)
• ARC Laureate Fellow Support (capped at $120k p.a. for 3 years and contingent upon ARC success)

The DIISR Minister has announced that NHMRC will be running calls for Stem Cell Science funding.

• The NHMRC will also invite applications for Centres for Research Excellence in Regenerative Medicine, encouraging leading medical researchers to undertake stem cell research with clinical applications soon. Funding will commence in 2011 and be offered for five years.

If you intend to apply for NHMRC Stem Cell Science funding, please contact rb@adelaide.edu.au as soon as possible. The applications for these initiatives are normally highly competitive and complex, and will require coordination between School, Faculty and central areas.

Samara Mitchell has recently commenced as the Research Information Officer for Research Branch. Prior to her role as Assistant Grants Officer within the Health Sciences team, Samara worked as a freelance writer and educator, and has coordinated a number of research collaborations across the arts, sciences and new-media.

For inquiries related to funding opportunities, or submission requests to the weekly Research Branch Bulletin,
please contact Samara on (08) 8303 6939 or by emailing samara.mitchell@adelaide.edu.au

Health Sciences

The charter of the Rebecca L.Cooper Medical Research Foundation is to advance, promote and encourage medical research into all fields of the medical sciences throughout Australia.

The Foundation invites applications for its 2011 Research Grant funding round within the following fields:

• Brain Sciences
• Diabetes
• Geriatrics
• Lung Disease (other than cancer)
• Rheumatology
• Vision Sciences and
• the medical application of Genetic Research

The value of the individual grants is between $8,000 and $22,000 and is primarily for equipment related to research projects.
Please note that for this funding round grants will only be awarded in the fields listed. Researchers are required to nominate under which category they will be applying.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.cooperfoundation.org.au/application.html

Health Sciences

Researchers working in Australia in fields that are relevant to motor neurone disease are invited to apply for funding to support research in the calendar year 2011.

1. Grants-in-Aid for research into motor neurone disease in 2011: The MND Research Institute of Australia regards its role as one of providing seed-funding for research that is innovative and having a clear relationship to the causes, treatments and cures of MND, or the support of people living with MND.  Applications for projects in biomedical and health care research are encouraged. 

A range of grants, including the named grants with special conditions, are offered. In recent years, special conditions for some of these grants have included:

• scientific research relevant to the cause, treatment or cure of motor neurone disease
• research into cause, treatment or cure of MND in basic or applied science
• applied research into MND, including social research
• research investigating the genes responsible for familial MND
• attendance at the International Symposium on ALS/MND.

Applications for grants-in-aid up to a maximum value of $100,000 will be considered. 
Fourteen grants-in-aid were awarded for 2010 with an average value of about $32,500.
The International Symposium on ALS/MND will be held in Sydney in 2011 from 30 November to 2 December.  All MND researchers and grant recipients in Australia are encouraged to attend.

2. Bill Gole MND Postdoctoral Fellowship (2011 - 2013): The Fellowships of the MND Research Institute of Australia aim to encourage young researchers to focus their interest on MND The Bill Gole MND Postdoctoral Fellowship is directed towards postdoctoral scientists with a track record in areas of neuroscience related to motor neurone disease.  Salary will be funded for three years at $75,000 per year.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.mndresearch.asn.au/

The Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute’s (APHCRI) mission is to provide national leadership in improving the quality and effectiveness of primary health care through the conduct of high quality, priority-driven research and the support and promotion of best practice. The three goals of APHCRI are to:

• Strengthen the knowledge base of primary health care by conducting and supporting research
• Facilitate the uptake of research evidence in primary health care policy and practice
• Enhance research capacity in primary health care through strategic partnerships with other relevant national and international groups

The APHCRI Centres of Excellence in Primary Health Care Research will provide support for teams of researchers to pursue collaborative research and develop research capacity in primary health care services. The scheme provides funding for innovative, high quality primary health care research. It is aimed at established investigators with a strong track record in a domain of primary health care research who will collaborate with emerging researchers who are developing their track record in the area.

The aims of the APHCRI Centres of Excellence in Primary Health Care Research proposal are closely aligned with the National Primary Health Care Strategy and the health care reform agenda. This proposal aims to support the overall reform agenda by providing evidence for reform and key directions for change in primary health care. The key directions for change are identified as:

• Improving access and reducing inequality
• Better management of chronic conditions, including increasing the focus on prevention
• Improving quality, safety, performance and accountability

The building blocks as listed in the National Primary Health Care Strategy are: regional integration; information technology including eHealth; skilled workforce; infrastructure and financing and system performance. To support these directions, the aims of the proposed Centres are to:

• Generate quality primary health care research which informs policy and practice and leads to improved primary health care services and health outcomes for the Australian community.
• Enhance knowledge exchange between the APHCRI Network and the wider primary health care sector (including but not limited to State and Commonwealth Governments) which will enable effective translation of research outcomes into policy and practice.
• Facilitate multi-disciplinary collaboration across the Australian primary health care research community.
• Build Australian primary health care research capacity through enhanced career development of research leaders and new researchers.
• Develop positive impacts for the Closing the Gap initiative to improve the health and well being of Indigenous Australians.
• Develop internationally renowned Centres of Excellence in primary health care research.

The APHCRI network considers that a key aim of each of the Centres is to build on established excellence by developing research capacity which would enable alternative funding through grants to be sought in future years. The funding structure is designed to support this core principle. Each of the three successful applications will receive the following:

Year 1 – 2011: $500,000
Year 2 – 2012: $750,000
Year 3 – 2013: $750,000
Year 4 – 2014: $500,000

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.anu.edu.au/aphcri/Spokes_Research_Program/2010_COE.php

Through the National Vocational Education and Training Research and Evaluation Program (NVETRE), NCVER, on behalf of the Australian Government and state and territory governments, seeks the services of high quality researchers to provide a three-year program of research aligned to five new national research priorities for the tertiary education and training sector.

The priorities for 2011 – 2013 are:

• Skills and productivity
• Structures in the tertiary education and training system
• The contribution to education and training to social inclusion
• Learning and teaching
  
• The place and role of VET

Established research centres, or consortia formed in response to this request, are eligible to apply. A total budget in the order of AUD $2.75 million is available.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.ncver.edu.au/newsevents/tenders.html

The Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) National Taxonomy Research Grant Program provides grants for taxonomic research.
Grants are awarded for research projects where the primary aim is to undertake taxonomic research on the Australian biota or to develop products that aid in the dissemination of taxonomic information. The program also supports projects that build Australian taxonomic capacity.

All Research Grants have a co-funding requirement. That is, applicants must have obtained a commitment for the applicable amount of co-funding for their application to be considered. ABRS will place no restrictions on the source of this contribution, but applicants will need to be aware of the rules of other granting agencies, which may limit how funds contributed by them may be used.

All Research Grants awarded in the 2011–2012 grants round will be of three years duration.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/funding-and-research/research-grants/index.html

The Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation invests in the knowledge needs of three portfolio areas:

• New rural industries;
• Specific established rural industries; and
• Cross-sectoral national rural issues

RIRDC invites researchers to submit preliminary proposals for R&D funding that will meet the specific objectives, or a number of objectives, as outlined in the current research priorities.

In planning and submitting proposals for RIRDC-funded projects prospective researchers need to familiarise themselves with the application procedure, the Corporation's over-arching goals and strategies, the goals and strategies of the relevant R&D programs and the specific priorities for R&D for the year for which the proposal is being submitted. For further information on this process, please refer to the booklet: Doing Business With RIRDC

Preliminary research proposals should be submitted online using web-based project management system called Clarity.

To set up a secure account before submitting a proposal, please contact the RIRDC helpdesk for a username and password.
Email: helpdesk@rirdc.gov.au or Ph: 02 6271 4100

Click here for a sample of the Preliminary Research Proposal and Budget sections to be completed when applying for research funding. Please note that this section is to be completed online in Clarity. Detailed user guides and telephone support are also available.

Clarity Entry Point - http://research.rirdc.gov.au/ 

The Australian Orchid Foundation is a voluntary organisation of 100 members, devoted to the preservation, protection, promotion and cultivation of all orchid species and hybrids. It distributes many thousands of dollars every year, all raised from voluntary contributions, towards projects that further these aims. They support:

• Studies to research orchids in their habitat and management practices to protect those orchids and their habitats
• Studies of wild populations of orchids, their biology, distribution, conservation and taxonomy
• Cultivation and propagation of orchids
• Education of the public
• Education of young people in particular in the sciences relevant to orchids
• Publications

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.australianorchidfoundation.org.au/grants.html

The Foundation for Children is dedicated to raising funds for the health, well-being and welfare of children. The Foundation aims to provide financial support for a wide range of projects designed to improve children's health and welfare, with a particular interest in supporting projects which have difficulty obtaining funds from other sources.

The Foundation is inviting Expressions of Interest for grants of around $50,000 - $80,000 per year, and for either one or two years. A maximum amount of $100,000 for one year will be awarded, with no more than a total of $160,000 awarded for a two year project. Occasional exceptions are made to these general guidelines.

Grants are usually made for projects which can be completed within 12 - 24 months.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.foundationforchildren.com.au/scripts/nc.dll?FFC:LANDING:1863173556:pc=L4

The CSIRO National Research Flagships program brings together large multidisciplinary teams to focus on Australia's major challenges and opportunities. Flagship Clusters help solve specific science problems whilst also building capability and fostering collaboration between CSIRO, universities and other publicly-funded research agencies.

Flagship Clusters will be funded for three years at ~A$1 million per annum. Co-investment from partner organisations is expected and Clusters are listed on the Australian Competitive Grants Register.

Applications for clusters will be accepted from:

• eligible Australian and overseas higher education institutions
• cooperative Research Centres & not for profit research institutions
• other Australian and international publicly funded research agencies

Each cluster must include at least one Australian university. Intending applicants should advise jim.deed@adelaide.edu.au  as soon as possible

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.csiro.au/org/Flagship-Cluster-Applications.html

Health Sciences

The Australian Academy of Science receives funding from the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR) to deliver the project Australian participation in European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST).

The project is supported by the International Science Linkages (ISL) program. The ISL program supports Australian professional scientists, from both the public and private sectors, to collaborate with international partners on leading edge science and technology in order to contribute to Australia's economic, social and environmental wellbeing.

Funding of $195,000 is available to support visits in FY 2010-2011 for Australian researchers to participate in COST Actions. Australian researchers need to be official members of a COST Action to be eligible for funding. Priority areas of interest to Australia in COST Actions fall under the six broad themes:

• medical and health research
• agriculture, biotechnology and food
• nanotechnology
• information and communications technology
• environment and climate change
• social sciences and humanities

Applications are processed in order of receipt on a first-come-first-serve basis.
Please forward a copy of the application along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://www.science.org.au/internat/europe/cost.html

Health Sciences

This FOA, issued by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, encourages Research Project Grant (R01 and R21) applications from institutions/organizations to support research leading to accessible and affordable hearing health care (HHC). The overarching emphasis is on the acquisition of knowledge that can be rapidly translated into new or enhanced approaches for access, assessment or interventions with a goal to delivering better hearing health care outcomes. Applications should seek quality approaches that are effective, affordable and deliverable to those who need them as well as implementable and sustainable in settings beyond the research environment. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-10-254, that encourages applications under the R21 mechanism .

Please forward a copy of the application along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10-253.html

Health Sciences

This FOA issued by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, encourages research grant applications from institutions/ organizations that propose to investigate the effectiveness of structural interventions that reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission by changing the environment of alcohol use. Although a variety of structural and environmental interventions have been employed successfully to reduce other drinking-related problems, there has been relatively little research that extends such efforts into the realm of HIV/AIDS risk reduction. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-10-243, that encourages applications under the R21 grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards.

Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.

Please forward a copy of the application along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10-242.html#SectionIII

Health Sciences

 The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), invites applications to support research on the treatment of individuals with co-occurring alcohol use disorders and depression/anxiety. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder.   The scope of interest includes innovative pharmacological and behavioural treatments based on biological, psychological, behavioural, and social/cultural models of etiology and treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression/anxiety.  In addition, this FOA accepts Comparative and Effectiveness Research applications which compare two or more different existing treatments in this comorbid population. This FOA is limited to depression and anxiety because of the high prevalence of these psychiatric disorders in individuals with alcohol use disorders.  

This FOA will utilize the R01 and R21 award mechanisms. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.

Please forward a copy of the Letter Of Intent along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAS-10-251.html

Health Sciences

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
invites single project Cooperative Agreement (U01) applications from institutions/organizations to continue and expand the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Program. The IeDEA Program is comprised of 7 regional data center awards each of which brings together clinical and research data resources to answer questions concerning HIV/AIDS.

This FOA will utilize the U01 award mechanism. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.

The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Please forward a copy of the Letter of Intent along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-10-030.html#SectionIII

Health Sciences

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, encourages Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/ organizations that propose studies that either explore mechanisms of outcomes or other clinical measures using the stored biospecimens from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Disease (ACCORD) participants, or that propose studies to collect new observational data in the ACCORD follow-up study.

This FOA will utilize the Research Project (R01) grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.

The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-10-238.html

Health Sciences

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) encourages Research Grant (R01) applications from institutions/organizations that propose to examine associations between nutrition and alcohol-related health outcomes in humans and animal models. The goal of this program announcement is to stimulate a broad range of research on the role of nutrition in the development, prevention, and treatment of a variety of alcohol-related health outcomes including alcohol dependence and psychiatric co-morbidities, chronic and acute diseases, and organ function and damage. Study designs may include biomedical research, epidemiologic approaches, and intervention studies.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10-239.html

Health Sciences

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) solicit research grant applications to support studies focused on viral and host genetic factors involved in HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in the setting of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Recent clinical studies indicate that over 50% of HIV-infected patients manifest HAND despite receiving HAART.

The focus of this initiative is to encourage studies to discover novel genetic paradigms that may account for the interactions between the virus, the host, and the therapeutic drugs in the central nervous system (CNS) that result in the pathogenesis, progression, and clinical manifestations of HAND. The use of state-of-the-art genetic approaches (including transcriptomics, phenomics, epigenomics, whole genome association studies, next generation sequencing, exome sequencing, and systems biology) to identify and validate (including in vitro models, animal models, and human samples) viral and host genetic factors which influence the pathophysiology of HAND are encouraged.

This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, MH-11-021, which encourages applications under the Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-MH-11-020.html

Professions

 In 2009 CPA Australia launched a premier research grants program to encourage and support research that has the potential to benefit our members, the profession and business community as a whole.

Through the Global Research Perspectives Program, the CPA will  consider any project that has merit, demonstrates strategic leadership and makes a significant contribution to key research themes including, but not limited to:

• Global economic challenges, and the profession
• Climate change / carbon reduction
• Tax systems and reform
• Standard business reporting and XBRL
• Reporting and assurance issues (including GRI)
• Governance

Please forward a copy of the application along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch

For further details and application guidelines, please visit:
http://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/cps/rde/xchg/cpa-site/hs.xsl/about-research-apply-form.html

The Group of Eight (Go8) has opened applications for its 2011 European Fellowships. The University of Adelaide is offering one Fellowship for 2011 to an early career researcher from Europe.

The Fellowships are open to citizens of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. The purpose of the scheme is to facilitate further research collaboration between Australia and Europe with the intention that Fellows will continue to collaborate with their Australian research partners when they return to their home institutions. The fellowship, with a total value of AUD$20,000, is to support travel and living costs to allow the Fellow to work at a Go8 university for a period of not less than 16 weeks, and up to a maximum of 6 months.

Budget:

• $2,000 will be provided to the host School/Faculty/Department to meet incidental expenses; and
• $18,000 will be provided directly to the fellow for travel, including travel within Australia, and living expenses.

It is expected that the Fellow will continue to receive a salary from their employer in their home country.


To be eligible, applicants must:

• have completed a PhD less than five years prior to the application closing date;
• be under 40 years of age at the application closing date;
•  be a citizen of one of the designated countries listed above;
• reside in one of the designated countries listed above (it need not be the same country as their citizenship);
• have been employed (minimum half-time appointment) for at least six months prior to the application closing date by a university or research organisation (public or private) in one of the designated countries;
• have sufficient competency in English to be able to adequately communicate with researchers in the host university; and
• be eligible to obtain an Australian Visiting Academic Visa (subclass 419) or equivalent Australian visa.
  

Applicants must only submit one application (ie. an application to one Go8 university) per year and must be submitted along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to Dr Don McMaster (don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au) in the Research Branch by Friday 22 October 2010.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.go8.edu.au/university-staff/international-collaboration/83-go8-european-fellowships

Multidisciplinary

The Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) supports novel, innovative and interdisciplinary basic research focused on the complex mechanisms of living organisms; with topics ranging from molecular and cellular approaches to systems and cognitive neuroscience. A clear emphasis is placed on novel collaborations that bring biologists together with scientists from fields such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science and engineering to focus on problems at the frontier of the life sciences.

The HFSP is currently offering two fellowship schemes:

Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships:
Cross-Disciplinary fellowships are intended for postdoctoral fellows with a Ph.D. degree in the physical sciences, chemistry, mathematics, engineering and computer sciences who wish to receive training in biology. The conditions are the same as for the Long-Term Fellowships.

Career Development Awards:
Long-Term Fellows and Cross-Disciplinary Fellows who return to their home country at the end of the fellowship are eligible to apply for the Career Development Award. This award provides $300,000 over 3 years. Eligible HFSP Fellows will receive information in good time to apply for the Award.

Please forward copies of application along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au at the Research Branch

For further details and application guidelines, please visit:
http://www.hfsp.org/about/AboutProg.php

Multidisciplinary

The United States Studies Centre: Research Grants in US Studies

The United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney invites Australian academics to apply for one of at least eight competitive research grants with a total value of $100,000.The grants support US-focused research activities in the humanities, social sciences and related professional disciplines.

One or two $20,000 grants for Researchers in Residence at the US Studies Centre will be awarded and at least six grants up to $10,000 for External Research projects.

Please forward copies of application along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au at the Research Branch

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://ussc.edu.au/research/research-grants

Multidisciplinary

This FOA issued by the Basic behavioural and Social Sciences Research Opportunity Network (OppNet), National Institutes of Health, solicits Research Project Grant (R21 and R01) applications from institutions/organizations that propose to investigate the reciprocal interactions of the processes of sleep and circadian regulation and function with behavioural and social environment processes. Sleep is a complex biological phenomenon that is essential to normal behavioural and social functioning, as well as optimal health. In spite of its vital nature, the mechanisms by which social environment factors affect sleep behavior patterns have not been studied systematically, especially within the context of individual vulnerabilities and resilience. There is a need for greater understanding of the dynamic relationships between behavioural and social environment factors on the one hand and the basic mechanisms of sleep-wake and circadian regulation and function on the other. This FOA is not intended to support research on or development of treatments or interventions for disorders of sleep or circadian rhythms. Mechanism of Support.

This FOA will utilize the R21 award mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, RFA-HD-11-101, that encourages applications under the R01 award mechanism.OppNet intends to commit up to $1 million in FY 2011 to fund 5-6 applications submitted in response to this FOA, pending the number and quality of applications and availability of funds.

Please forward a copy of the Letter of Intent along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HD-11-102.html#SectionIII

Multidisciplinary

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is being issued by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This FOA encourages research applications to examine the differential risk factors of populations that lead to or are associated with increased vulnerability to exposures, diseases and other adverse health outcomes related to climate change.

Applications may involve either applied research studies that address specific hypotheses about risk factors or population characteristics associated with increased vulnerability, or research projects to develop general models or methods for identifying and characterizing population vulnerability to climate change. The ultimate goal of this research program is to help inform climate change adaptation and public health interventions to reduce current and future vulnerability of various populations to the health effects of climate change.

Applications are anticipated to involve a multidisciplinary research team, including experts in health sciences and climatology as well as geography, modeling, statistics, demography, and social and behavioural sciences as appropriate.

In addition, partnerships with community-based or advocacy organizations, public health officials, urban planners and others are encouraged. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism.

Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Please forward a copy of the Letter of Intent along with the completed University Grant Application Coversheet to don.mcmaster@adelaide.edu.au in the Research Branch

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-10-235.html

The Australian Biological Resources Study provides grants to Honours, Masters and PhD students for taxonomic research.  The 2011-12 round for ABRS and Bush Blitz Capacity-Building Grant applications, is now open. Applications for Research Grants are also being sought.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/funding-and-research/grants/index.html
http://www.bushblitz.org.au/taxonomy.php

HCA Foundation exists to support learned exchange between Harvard University and Australia. Its ambition is to attract quality applicants whose work will bring clear benefit to Australia. A working visit of several months is normally envisaged, during which Fellows are encouraged to interact additionally with educators and students in their vicinity. Although the scope of its current program is limited to science and technology, and in the direction from Harvard to Australia, expansion to other disciplines - and in the other direction - may occur as funds become available.

A Fellowship award can cover travel to/from Australia, reasonable salary / living expenses in Australia for several months (US$ 8,000 per month is a guide figure), research-related travel within Australia, and perhaps purchases of research-specific materials, instruments or equipment. In some cases, the host institution may decide to enhance the project's outcomes by co-contributing, ie supplementing the Fellowship grant. Applications are invited from scientists who:

• are normally based at Harvard University or one of its closely affiliated institutions
• have links with research or science education activities in Australia

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://hcag.org.au/Australia-Harvard_Fellowship.html

Multidisciplinary

TThe Foundation's competitive early career travel grants program is distinctive in Australian philanthropy. The travel grants enable outstanding individuals, with promising careers and potentially important contributions to make to the Australian community, to exchange knowledge with their peers through participation in professional development opportunities, for example attending an international conference in their field of growing expertise.

The grants made are small, generally between $2,000 and $3,000, and are paid to the individuals employing organisation.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://foundation.ianpotter.org.au/travel

Multidisciplinary

Nominations are now being accepted for the Future Justice Prize. The prize is awarded to Australian individuals or organisations for leadership and initiative in the advancement of future justice. Future justice is concerned with what those living today leave behind for future generations.

The Future Justice Prize is awarded for research, publications, projects or programs in various categories. These include; Human Rights, Indigenous, Health, Environment, Climate Change, Population & Intergenerational Debt.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://www.futureleaders.com.au/awards/index.php

The Nature Conservancy, and the Ecological Society of Australia have great pleasure in announcing The Nature Conservancy Applied Conservation Award established to fund a postgraduate scholarship in the field of applied conservation science. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a U.S. based conservation organisation that funds conservation activities in 35 countries and 50 US States. This award is part of TNC’s Ecological Science Program and has been made possible through a generous donation from The Thomas Foundation.

Each year until 2010, a grant of $6,000 will be awarded to support the research of a Postgraduate Student working in an area of applied conservation science. Additional support will be provided for the recipient to attend two ESA conferences to receive the award and to present a paper on the funded work.

The scope of research is open to any area of applied conservation science but must be directed towards practical conservation research that facilitates an improved understanding of ecological responses of Australia’s biota to the impacts of humans and/or facilitates the improved management or protection of Australia’s biodiversity and natural and cultural landscapes. The scope of research will be open to terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.ecolsoc.org.au/TheNatureConservancyAppliedConservationAward.htm

The Foundation is offering a two-year postdoctoral fellowship for a research project in hypertension or related fields in basic, clinical or public health areas at an Australian institution. Applications from biomedical, clinical and public health researchers are invited.

Applications are open to Australian citizens or permanent residents. It is expected that the successful applicant will have had not less than five and not more than ten years' postdoctoral experience. The fellowship provides a salary and modest project maintenance costs.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.csanz.edu.au/Education/ScholarshipsFellowships/tabid/90/Default.aspx

The Heart Foundation and the National Stroke Foundation are partnering to offer funding for Postgraduate Scholarships for research into the prevention, causes, diagnosis, treatment and long term support for stroke.

Scholarships are only awarded to postgraduate students to support study towards a PhD. Part-time applicants will also be considered. A separate application is not required for part-time awards. Postgraduate Scholarships are offered to medical, science, allied health, nursing graduates or other relevant postgraduates seeking support for full-time or part-time studies leading to a PhD at an Australian university or institution. Postgraduate Scholarships are normally awarded for three years.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.strokefoundation.com.au/research-grants-2010

Health Sciences

South Australian university-based or independent researchers can apply for OHSW Commissioned Research Grants to undertake applied research that helps expand the body of knowledge on occupational health, safety and welfare in this state.

A total of approximately $600,000 is available in 2010, with a minimum of $50,000 to be allocated to each of the successful applicants. In exceptional circumstances, applications for less than $50,000 will be considered.

While research projects must normally be completed within three years, special consideration may be given to longer durations, for example when longitudinal research in undertaken. Under the selection criteria, intended projects must match the objectives of the OHSW Strategic Framework for South Australia through research aimed at preventing work-related injury and illness. Proposed research projects must also address the priorities identified in the OHSW Research Strategy for South Australia.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/show_page.jsp?id=8111

Health Sciences

Applications are invited for Project Grants for research in Otorhinolaryngology or the related fields of biomedical science to commence in 2011.

Project Grants are for a period of up to three years and must be conducted in an Australian or New Zealand institution.  Please note that a current awardee whose fellowship, scholarship or grant is due to conclude after 30 June 2011, is ineligible.

The annual level of support will be up to AUD100,000 and, within this cap, grants must include the salary of the applicant and/or research assistant(s), on-costs, maintenance, equipment and all other costs.  Usually commitments will not be made in which continued support over many years is implied.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.alfredresearch.org/funding/external/Garnett%20Passe.htm#Project%20Grants

Health Sciences

Applications are invited for a one-term, four-year Overseas Research Fellowship, the first two years of which are to be spent overseas and the two subsequent years in Australia or New Zealand, for research in Otorhinolaryngology or the related fields of biomedical science to commence in 2011.

Outstanding researchers, who are either medically qualified or science graduates with no more than six years total postdoctoral research experience or its equivalence, and who are Australian or New Zealand citizens or are graduates from overseas with permanent Australian or New Zealand resident status not under bond to any foreign government, are eligible to apply.

The annual level of support will be in the NH&MRC Training Support Package Level 1 range, medically or clinically loaded if appropriate.  Accommodation, cost-of-living, maintenance and travel allowances will also be provided together with once-only minimum-cost airfares for the successful applicant and his/her dependants to cover direct travel to, and return from, the overseas institution.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.alfredresearch.org/funding/external/Garnett%20Passe.htm#Overseas%20Research%20Fellowship

Health Sciences

Applications are invited for Research Scholarships in Otorhinolaryngology or the related fields of biomedical science to commence in 2011.

Individuals who are either medically qualified or science graduates, and who are, or will be, enrolled for a higher university degree, are eligible to apply.

Scholarships will be for a period of up to three years, subject to satisfactory progress, and are tenable in Australian or New Zealand institutions.

The stipend offered will be at the NH&MRC Medical/Dental Stipend rate for medical graduates (currently AUD30,378) and the Standard Stipend rate for science graduates (currently AUD20,427) or equivalents in New Zealand.  Successful applicants will also be provided with a supplementary allowance for minor items of equipment, consumables and travel of up to AUD7,500 per annum.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.alfredresearch.org/funding/external/Garnett%20Passe.htm#Research%20Scholarships

Health Sciences

Applications are invited for Research Training Fellowships in Otorhinolaryngology or the related fields of biomedical science to commence in 2011.

Individuals who are either medically qualified or hold a PhD degree are eligible to apply.

Fellowships will be for a period of up to two years but may, in special circumstances, be extended for a third year upon written application to the Foundation.  Fellowships are tenable in Australian or New Zealand institutions.

The annual level of support will be in the NH&MRC Training Support Package Level 1 range, medically or clinically loaded if appropriate.  Successful applicants will also be provided with a maintenance allowance of AUD7,500 per annum.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.alfredresearch.org/funding/external/Garnett%20Passe.htm#Research%20Training%20Fellowships

Health Sciences

Applications are invited for Grants-In-Aid for research in Otorhinolaryngology or the related fields of biomedical science to commence in 2011.

Grants-In-Aid are for a period of up to two years and must be conducted in an Australian or New Zealand institution.  Otolaryngologists or Trainees in the Specialty are eligible to apply.  Please note that a current awardee whose fellowship, scholarship or grant is due to conclude after 30 June 2011, is ineligible.

The annual level of support will be up to AUD50,000 and grants are restricted to equipment and maintenance.  Usually commitments will not be made in which continued support over many years is implied.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.alfredresearch.org/funding/external/Garnett%20Passe.htm#Grants-In-Aid

Sciences

The GRDC provides sponsorship assistance to organisations wishing to conduct a conference, workshop, seminar or field day that directly benefits the Australian grains industry.

The aim is to develop the skills and capacity required to achieve grains industry and GRDC objectives. GRDC places a high priority on the dissemination and communication of knowledge gained from the experience offered by conference sponsorship.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.grdc.com.au/director/apply/idaandconferenceawards/conferenceform

Health Sciences

The Cancer & Bowel Research Trust is an independent non-profit organisation whose objectives are to provide funding to scientific and medical research into the causes, cure and prevention of cancer related illness for all Australians, along with increasing community awareness of preventative measures into the causes of bowel cancer.

The Cancer & Bowel Research Trust does not fund programs of research. Grant assistance is intended to support work for which the applicants already have some or will have some support within their respective institutions.

There are no specific categories of research which have been nominated as having a higher or lower priority than others. However, the Trust reserves the right to support particular research needs as they emerge, and to support worthwhile research which would have difficulty in finding funding in terms of priorities set by other funding agencies.

Grants are offered each year to support research over a period of 1-3 years. The Trust reserves the right to offer an award for a period less than that sought in the application. Up to $40,000 is available any one year.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.cancerresearch.org.au/r-applygrant.html

Health Sciences

Kidney Health Australia’s mission is "To advance the public health agenda through awareness, detection, prevention and management of kidney disease" and their vision is “to save lives and reduce the need for dialysis”. The focus of all future Kidney Health Australia funded research projects will be “to reduce the burden of Chronic Kidney Disease through expanding the range of evidence-based knowledge”.

Areas considered to be a special focus for research support include:

• Improving and assisting community awareness and prevention strategies
• Increasing detection rates of early Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
• Documenting CKD demographics, trends and costs
• Implementing best care approaches to detected CKD cases
• Facilitating a smooth transition into dialysis and transplantation
• Improving outcomes and quality of life on dialysis
• Reducing the financial and social impact of CKD on patients and families

Applicants will be encouraged to specially focus on the harder-to-reach population groups in the community including:

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples;
• People from culturally and linguistically diverse populations;
• People experiencing socio-economic disadvantage.

Four project grants of up to $50,000 each will be offered for commencement in 2011. The conditions for these Project Grants include:

• Projects must fit above criteria and priority will be given to those projects capable of completion within a 2 year timeframe (although KHA will not provide 2 years of funding).
• Project “deliverables” to be identified and reported upon prior to final payment of the grant.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.kidney.org.au/HealthProfessionals/MedicalResearchFundingProgram/tabid/633/Default.aspx

Celgene is a global biopharmaceutical company with a strong commitment to medical research and the health and well being of patients. Celgene endeavours to invest in key areas of Hospital Pharmacy continuing education to create and maintain industry leading programs that provide information, support and access to our innovative therapies. Celgene is proud to be an education partner of the SHPA.

In 2010, Celgene is pleased to introduce the inaugural Information Technology in Hospital Pharmacy Grant. The grant makes available a total of $10,000 to a member of the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA). It is intended to enable the successful applicant to undertake research looking at innovative uses of information technology in hospital pharmacy. This may include the development of information technology that is directly applicable to hospital pharmacy, or with the application or assessment of this technology.

Applicants must have a minimum of 12 months current membership with SHPA or 3 months for student members and must be working in the field of hospital pharmacy.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.shpa.org.au/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=SHPA/ccms.r?PageId=30

Health Sciences

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit research grant applications to conduct time-sensitive ancillary studies related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders in conjunction with ongoing clinical trials and other large clinical studies supported by NIH or non-NIH entities.

The program establishes an accelerated review/award process to support the crucial time frame in which these ancillary studies must be performed. Time-sensitive ancillary studies include those that require active longitudinal data collection and thus need to begin recruiting subjects as close as possible to the start of the parent study. The ancillary study can address any research questions related to the mission of NHLBI for which the parent study can provide participants, infrastructure, and data.

The parent studies most often will be a clinical trial, but also can be an observational study or registry that can provide a sufficient cohort of well-characterized patients. Each ancillary study application must demonstrate the time-sensitive nature of the proposal and must explicitly address why an expedited review is essential to its feasibility.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HL-10-024.html#SectionIII

The HWK announces the launch of a focus program in the area of European studies in 2010. The HWK-Europe-Fellowships are dedicated to foster the studies of European history, politics, culture and societies and to broaden the knowledge about Europe in the world.

The Fellowships are intended for scholars of social sciences and neighbouring disciplines (such as economics, legal studies, history, ethnology, philosophy, anthropology, psychology, etc.) who want to pursue a project on Europe and whose research will benefit from the possibility to study Europe from within. The HWK strongly encourages the application of researchers who plan to set up a temporary study group on their topic at the HWK.

The HWK allows for different financial solutions regarding reimbursement of fellows, such as direct compensation or reimbursement of the home institution. Applicants should at least hold a PhD or equivalent qualification. A Fellowship is to last between 3 and up to 10 months, the fellowship can be split into two or more stays at the institute.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.h-w-k.de/wie-wird-man-fellow1.html?&L=1#c3752

The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA) and Roche Products Pty Limited are proud to announce the Roche Research Grant into Safety and Quality of Medicines Use in Hospitals.

The grant of $10,000 is available to members of SHPA with 12 months current membership and student members with three months membership. Applications for funding will not be considered if the research has commenced or concluded at the time of the grant closing date.

The focus of the grant will be safety and quality of medicines use in hospitals and the research is to be undertaken in 2010-2011.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.shpa.org.au/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=SHPA/ccms.r?PageId=30

The Hospira-DBL Development Fund will provide $40,000 in professional assistance in 2010. Grants are available to fund:

• attendance at national and international conferences
• completion of national and international study tours
• purchase of textbooks and other resource material used for professional development
• research projects

Applicants must have a minimum of 12 months current membership with SHPA or 3 months for student members.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.shpa.org.au/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=SHPA/ccms.r?PageId=30

Sciences

The WH Gladstones Population and Environment Fund offers support for empirical research into how the size, distribution, material aspirations and other characteristics of Australia's population are likely to affect our environment not only our land and landscape, but also social cohesion, health, the economy and defence. Population pressures in other countries which may have an impact on Australia could also be part of the research.

Research to be supported should aim to quantify various aspects of the human footprint, and to model likely ecological and other consequences. The grant in 2011 will be $12,000. The renewed grant of $12,000 for 2012 will depend on the Academy of Science receiving a satisfactory progress report at the end of the first year. Applicants should have completed a PhD not more than 10 years ago. Persons engaged in research for a PhD may also be considered if their thesis topics are judged to be highly significant.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.science.org.au/awards/awards/gladstone.html

Multidisciplinary

The Matsumae International Foundation is offering another round of fellowships, founded as a result of Dr Shigeyoshi Matsumae's call. The Foundation hopes to accept researchers from as many nations as possible, but first priority will be given to the fields of natural science, engineering and medicine.

Applicants must be of non-Japanese nationality and meet the following eligibility requirements:

• Hold a PhD
• Not of the age of 40 when submitting an application
• At least basic conversational ability in English or Japanese
• Not travelled to Japan previously
• Substantial/honarary position at the University
• Have not been invited to attend this program previously
• Sound health

Funding is up to 240,000 yen monthly and 100,00 yen on arrival, plus airfare and insurance. Fellowships are for 3 - 6 months in duration.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.mars.dti.ne.jp/~mif/

Sciences

The Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience invites grant applications for basic studies in the field of glycoscience.

Applicants must (a) have a doctor's degree or its equivalent, (b) have a documented capability of performing independent studies and (c) be a member of a research institute where he or she can carry out the proposed project.

As much as 7,000,000 yen may be requested. In principle, a grant will be approved for one year, however, if desired, the period can be extended up to one year with the approval of the foundation.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://mizutanifdn.or.jp/e_invite.html

H&SS

Project Fellowship grants support artists to develop significant creative and/or developmental projects. Up to three Project Fellowships will be awarded in 2010.

Individuals, groups and organisations can apply to the Australia Council for funding. Individuals must be Australian citizens or have permanent resident status in Australia. Proof of citizenship or residency may be required. Applications may be accepted from non-Australian individuals or organisations for projects that meet the purpose of the category and mainly involve artists or arts workers who are Australian citizens or permanent residents.

Applications will be selected that best demonstrate:

• Artistic merit , the quality of the artist and their suitability to the project
• The potential of the proposal to contribute to both the artist’s professional development and music practice in Australia
• Good planning and effective use of resources.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/grants/grants/project_fellowships_-_music

Health Sciences

The F. & E. Bauer Foundation donate $20,000.00, to be awarded annually to assist in the funding of a particular research project for up to one year. This grant is known as the F. & E. Bauer Research Grant. This grant is available to an institution or an individual.

For further information and application instructions, please visit:
http://www.dermcoll.asn.au/public/for_medical_professionals-grants.asp#FREDBAUERREASEARCHGRANT

Multidisciplinary

The Law School Admission Council (LSAC) Research Grant Program funds research on a wide variety of topics related to the mission of LSAC. Specifically included in the program's scope are projects investigating precursors to legal training, selection into law schools, legal education, and the legal profession.

To be eligible for funding, a research project must inform either the process of selecting law students or legal education itself in a demonstrable way. The program welcomes proposals for research proceeding from any of a variety of methodologies, a potentially broad range of topics, and varying time frames. Proposals will be judged on the importance of the questions addressed, their relevance to the mission of LSAC, the quality of the research designs, and the capacity of the researchers to carry out the project. LSAC's membership includes law schools in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Comparative proposals about topics outside the United States, Canada, and Australia are welcome, but they must include some explicit connection to legal education or the legal profession within those countries.

Applicants may use methodologies derived from many disciplines, including anthropology, criminology, demography, economics, history, political science, psychology, and sociology. Projects may be qualitative or quantitative, cross-sectional or longitudinal. They may involve any of a variety of research techniques such as surveys, experiments, correlational methods, systematic observations, and ethnography. The program, however, requires that any project that is funded be planned and conducted in accordance with the best social scientific standards that are applicable to the type of research in question.

Possible topics can address a broad range of issues. Although the program welcomes research on a variety of topics, three requests for proposals have been issued in the following areas:

• Research on Pipeline Issues and Access to Law Schools for Minority Populations
• Research on Access to Law School for Students With Disabilities
• Research on Law School Academic Assistance Programs

Projects will be funded for amounts up to $200,000. The program is open to applicants from all countries. Eligible principal investigators need not be members of law school faculties; proposals are welcome from social, behavioural, and educational researchers of all kinds. Proposals from interdisciplinary teams of law faculty and researchers from outside law schools are strongly encouraged.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://www.lsac.org/research/lsac-legal-education-grant-program.asp

Multidisciplinary

A program of prestigious awards initiated in 1998 to recognise outstanding achievements in collaboration between business and tertiary education in the fields of Research & Development and Education & Training. The objective of the program is to highlight at a national level the benefits of such collaboration, and enhance links between industry and universities.

The award is made to a program or project involving a collaborative partnership between business and tertiary education. Therefore, the collaborating organisations nominated for the award must come from business and from tertiary education.

This year’s Awards are for:

• Best Research & Development Collaboration
• Best Higher Education & Training Collaboration
• Best Vocational Education & Training Collaboration
• Best Community Engagement Collaboration
• Outstanding Collaboration with a Regional Focus – R&D or E&T

Applications may be submitted for an Award in one or more categories, however, an application may only win one Award.

For more information and application guidelines, please visit:
http://www.bhert.com/

Multidisciplinary

Valued at up to $A45,000, Fulbright scholarships are open to Australian citizens to undertake research or study in the United States for 3 – 12 months. Scholarships can be started between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2012.

As the largest and one of the most prestigious educational scholarship programs in the world, Fulbright provides unique opportunities for Australians to build long term research collaboration and linkages with U.S. universities.

Applications are open to Postgraduates (to do research related to their Australian PhD., or enrol in a U.S. degree); Postdoctoral, Professional and Senior Scholars from any field of study. Applicants from every state and the Northern Territory are also encouraged to consider the state/territory specific Fulbright Scholarships that have now been established.

For further information and application forms see www.fulbright.com.au  Applications close externally on 31 August 2010.

Australian universities are also encouraged to actively seek applications from Americans to be Fulbright Scholars in Australia in 2011. This supports American academics and postgraduates to undertake research with Australian universities for 4 - 12 months.